Montane ecosystems are ecosystems found in mountainous regions characterized by specific climatic conditions and unique biodiversity. These ecosystems are typically cooler and wetter than surrounding lowland areas, with elevation playing a key role in determining the vegetation types and wildlife species present. Montane ecosystems are important as they provide habitat for a variety of plant and animal species, many of which are specialized to survive in the harsh conditions found at high elevations. These ecosystems are also vital for regulating water flow, preserving soil stability, and supporting local communities through services such as tourism and recreation. However, montane ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change, deforestation, and other human activities, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts in these fragile environments.